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395 lines
11 KiB
395 lines
11 KiB
Intro |
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===== |
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This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of |
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software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels. |
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This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels |
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and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, |
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Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the |
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'net). |
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Current Minimal Requirements |
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============================ |
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Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've |
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encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
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running, the suggested command should tell you. |
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Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
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running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all |
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systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, |
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you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. |
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o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version |
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o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version |
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o binutils 2.12 # ld -v |
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o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version |
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o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V |
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o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V |
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o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
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o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V |
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o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V |
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o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version |
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o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck |
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o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
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o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
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o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version |
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o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version |
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o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version |
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o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version |
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o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
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o udev 081 # udevd --version |
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o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version |
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o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version |
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o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V |
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Kernel compilation |
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================== |
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GCC |
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--- |
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The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your |
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computer. |
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Make |
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---- |
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You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel. |
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Binutils |
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-------- |
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Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for |
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assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile |
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your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent |
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release of binutils. |
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Perl |
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---- |
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You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, |
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File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel. |
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BC |
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-- |
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You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher |
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System utilities |
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================ |
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Architectural changes |
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--------------------- |
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DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev |
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(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) |
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32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! |
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Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline |
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documentation via specially-formatted comments near their |
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definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the |
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SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook |
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files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, |
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HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from |
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DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as |
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well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. |
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Util-linux |
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---------- |
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New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, |
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support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
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types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. |
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You'll probably want to upgrade. |
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Ksymoops |
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-------- |
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If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
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ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. |
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It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so |
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that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also |
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produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel |
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is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and |
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reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops |
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with ksymoops. |
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Module-Init-Tools |
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----------------- |
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A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools |
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to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. |
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Mkinitrd |
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-------- |
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These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that |
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mkinitrd be upgraded. |
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E2fsprogs |
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--------- |
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The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and |
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debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
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JFSutils |
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-------- |
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The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. |
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The following utilities are available: |
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o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check |
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and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
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o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. |
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o other file system utilities are also available in this package. |
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Reiserfsprogs |
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------------- |
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The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x |
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(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working |
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versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and |
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reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. |
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Xfsprogs |
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-------- |
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The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the |
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xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is |
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architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
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work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or |
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later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). |
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PCMCIAutils |
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----------- |
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PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up |
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PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
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for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug |
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subsystem is used. |
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Quota-tools |
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----------- |
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Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use |
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the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and |
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newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer |
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from the table above. |
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Intel IA32 microcode |
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-------------------- |
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A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, |
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accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
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udev you may need to: |
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mkdir /dev/cpu |
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mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 |
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chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode |
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as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to |
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get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. |
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udev |
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---- |
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udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with |
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only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
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functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
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devices. |
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FUSE |
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---- |
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Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount |
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options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. |
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Networking |
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========== |
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General changes |
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--------------- |
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If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably |
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consider using the network tools from ip-route2. |
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Packet Filter / NAT |
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------------------- |
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The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x |
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kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules |
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for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. |
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PPP |
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--- |
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The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to |
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enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, |
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upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. |
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If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
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which can be made by: |
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mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 |
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as root. |
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Isdn4k-utils |
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------------ |
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Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils |
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needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. |
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NFS-utils |
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--------- |
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In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
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about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This |
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information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client |
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mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs |
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would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. |
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This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct |
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which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement |
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fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from |
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getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
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With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
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when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give |
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appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the |
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dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about |
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currently active clients. |
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To enable this new functionality, you need to: |
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mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
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before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS |
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services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where |
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that is possible. |
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mcelog |
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------ |
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On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check |
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events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported |
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by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. |
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Getting updated software |
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======================== |
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Kernel compilation |
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****************** |
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gcc |
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--- |
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o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> |
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Make |
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---- |
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o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> |
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Binutils |
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-------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> |
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System utilities |
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**************** |
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Util-linux |
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---------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> |
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Ksymoops |
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-------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> |
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Module-Init-Tools |
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----------------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> |
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Mkinitrd |
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-------- |
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o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> |
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E2fsprogs |
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--------- |
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o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> |
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JFSutils |
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-------- |
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o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> |
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Reiserfsprogs |
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------------- |
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o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> |
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Xfsprogs |
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-------- |
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o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> |
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Pcmciautils |
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----------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> |
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Quota-tools |
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---------- |
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o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> |
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DocBook Stylesheets |
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------------------- |
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o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/> |
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XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
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------------------- |
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o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> |
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Intel P6 microcode |
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------------------ |
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o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> |
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udev |
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---- |
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o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> |
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FUSE |
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---- |
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o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> |
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mcelog |
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------ |
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o <http://www.mcelog.org/> |
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Networking |
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********** |
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PPP |
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--- |
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o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> |
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Isdn4k-utils |
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------------ |
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o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> |
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NFS-utils |
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--------- |
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o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> |
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Iptables |
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-------- |
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o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> |
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Ip-route2 |
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--------- |
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o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> |
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OProfile |
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-------- |
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o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> |
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NFS-Utils |
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--------- |
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o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> |
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